Dairy industry Dairy industry Молочная промышленность 1019-8946 113971 10.21603/1019-8946-2026-1-74 RIWEWR Научная статья Research Article Научная статья Premium-Grade Raw Milk: Biotechnological Solutions Биотехнологические решения в производстве высококачественного молока-сырья https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5630-3196 Просеков Александр Юрьевич Prosekov Alexander Yu.

доктор технических наук;

doctor of technical sciences;

 Плешков Владимир Александрович Pleshkov Vladimir A. 6110699@mail.ru

кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук;

candidate of agricultural sciences;

 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2960-0216 Козлова Оксана Васильевна Kozlova Oksana V. Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Kemerovo State University Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation 09 02 2026 09 02 2026 1 10 27 15 11 2025 15 01 2026 https://moloprom.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/article/113971/view

Производство высококачественного молока-сырья, отвечающего жестким требованиям безопасности и экономической эффективности, является критическим фактором конкурентоспособности молочной отрасли. Целью настоящего обзора является комплексная систематизация современных биотехнологических решений, формирующих новую парадигму прецизионного управления качеством молока на уровне его первичного производства. Рассмотрены четыре взаимосвязанных технологических модуля, охватывающих весь производственный цикл: 1) генетические и репродуктивные технологии (геномная селекция по локусам CSN3, DGAT1, BoLA-DRB3; комплекс OPU-IVP-ТЭ с преимплантационной диагностикой), позволяющие целенаправленно формировать и быстро тиражировать генотипы животных с заданными признаками продуктивности, состава молока и устойчивости к заболеваниям; 2) биотехнологии управления кормлением и микробиомом, включающие прецизионную модуляцию рубцовой ферментации пробиотиками и ферментами, а также применение микробиологических заквасок и адсорбентов при заготовке кормов для программирования питательности рациона и минимизации рисков химической контаминации (микотоксины); 3) биологические методы контроля здоровья вымени и микробиологической чистоты сырья, предлагающие альтернативу антибиотикам на основе пробиотиков, бактериофагов, иммуномодуляторов и ферментов, а также технологии биологического кондиционирования оборудования; 4) биосенсорика и цифровые платформы (сенсоры состава, СК, патогенов, ингибирующих веществ; концепция «цифрового двойника» стада), обеспечивающие переход от эпизодического лабораторного контроля к непрерывному предиктивному мониторингу. Показано, что синергетическая интеграция этих решений в единую систему позволяет кардинально снизить зависимость качества сырья от эмпирических факторов, обеспечивая его стабильность и предсказуемость. Делается вывод о том, что биотехнологическая трансформация является экономически оправданной стратегией, ведущей не только к гарантированному соответствию сырья нормативным требованиям, но и к получению продукта с воспроизводимыми функционально-технологическими свойствами, что создает основу для глубокой переработки, импортозамещения и укрепления экспортного потенциала отечественной молочной отрасли.

To maintain market competitiveness, raw milk production must reconcile rigorous safety protocols with operational efficiency. This review provides a comprehensive taxonomy of biotechnological solutions that support the precision-driven optimization of milk quality at the point of origin. Milk production cycle consists of four interconnected technological modules. 1) Modern genetic and reproductive technologies include genomic selection for loci CSN3, DGAT1, BoLA-DRB3, as well as the OPU-IVP-TE complex with preimplantation diagnosis. They enable the targeted development and rapid dissemination of superior genotypes characterized by enhanced productivity, optimized milk composition, and robust disease resistance. 2) Nutritional biotechnology and microbiome engineering facilitate the precision modulation of ruminal fermentation through the strategic application of probiotics and enzymes. In addition, microbial inoculants and adsorbents in feed storage make it possible to plan nutritional value of animal diet and minimize chemical contamination (mycotoxins). 3) Biological methods aimed at udder health control and microbiological purity of raw materials. Probiotics, bacteriophages, immunomodulators, and enzymes offer a safe alternative to antibiotics. This group also includes technologies for biological conditioning of equipment. 4) Biosensorics and digital platforms provide continuous predictive monitoring, e.g., in-line sensors for composition, somatic cell count, pathogens, inhibitory substances; the digital twin herd, etc. Implemented as an integrated, synergistic framework, these solutions mitigate the impact of empirical variables on raw milk quality, ensuring a more consistent and predictable production profile. Biotechnologies are an economically justified strategy that guarantees compliance of raw materials with regulatory standards by providing raw milk with reproducible functional and technological properties. They facilitate deep processing and encourage import substitution, thus strengthening the export potential of the domestic dairy industry.

 молоко-сырье качество молока биотехнологии геномная селекция микробиом мастит пробиотики бактериофаги биосенсоры цифровизация raw milk milk quality biotechnology genomic selection microbiome mastitis probiotics bacteriophages biosensors digitalization

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