Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences Вестник Кемеровского государственного университета. Серия: Политические, социологические и экономические науки 2500-3372 2542-1190 47319 10.21603/2500-3372-2021-6-3-289-303 ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ POLITICAL SCIENCES ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ Social Networks in Modern Political Communications: a Concept Analysis of Foreign Periodicals Социальные сети в современных политических коммуникациях: контент-анализ научных статей в зарубежной периодике Писарева Александра Николаевна Pisareva Aleksandra Nikolaevna al.pisareva@gmail.com

аспирант политических наук;

graduate student of political sciences;

 Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет «ЛЭТИ» им. В.И. Ульянова St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University "LETI" 6 3 289 303 14 07 2021 20 09 2021 https://moloprom.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/article/47319/view

Отечественные и зарубежные исследователи на протяжении последних двух десятилетий фиксируют возрастающее влияние социальных сетей в политической коммуникации. Значительную роль играют технологические трансформации. Стремительная эволюция устройств, проникновение мобильной связи превратили Интернет в новое средство массовой информации (доказательством тому служит признание в России блогеров с числом подписчиков свыше 3000 средством массовой информации с присвоением определенной степени ответственности). Получатели сообщений теперь не только принимают их, но способны распространять, а иногда и создавать их самостоятельно, что вызывает лавинообразное появление фейков. В Интернете сформировалась новая реальность – виртуальная, где этот факт зачастую не учитывается потребителями. Возросла скорость обмена информацией: традиционные средства массовой информации проигрывают интернет-СМИ в оперативности предоставления новостей. По совокупности всех этих факторов и в связи с масштабным ростом аудитории Интернет и социальные сети все чаще используют в процессе политического взаимодействия, как в предвыборный период, так и в повседневности. Пандемия COVID-19, повлекшая форсирование цифровизации коммуникаций, сделала этот процесс необратимым. В предлагаемой статье рассматриваются результаты контент-анализа публикаций в иностранных научных журналах ведущих мировых издательств за январь 2020 – июнь 2021 г. с целью определения степени привлекательности темы политической коммуникации в социальных сетях для зарубежных исследователей, наиболее актуальных аспектов ее изучения, а также использования концептуальной базы интерпретации данных. Проанализированы 250 статей, опубликованных в журналах издательств Taylor and Francis, Oxford University Press, SAGE Publications. Непосредственно тема социальных сетей в контексте политической коммуникации рассматривается в 12 % изученных статей. Наибольшей популярностью у исследователей пользуется глобальная социальная сеть Facebook. Примерно равное число работ посвящено изучению поведения сетевых пользователей и месту государства в управлении социальными сетями. Используемый зарубежными исследователями терминологический аппарат для описания и интерпретации интересующей нас темы отличается от принятого в российских публикациях. Одно из ключевых понятий социальные медиа зарубежные авторы чаще используют как синоним концепта сайты социальных сетей, тогда как в отечественных источниках это понятие трактуется более широко. Распространенные в иностранных статьях дополнительные термины и аббревиатуры, такие как SNSa – social networks sites and apps (сайты и приложения социальных сетей), практически отсутствуют в работах отечественных авторов. Основной интерес авторов статей рассматриваемого периода связан с проблемами формирования и распространения политического контента, влияния социальных сетей на протестные движения, расовых противоречий, задействования новых медиа в избирательном процессе. Методологические предпочтения зарубежных авторов обращены к классическим политологическим теориям. Применяемые российскими исследователями для анализа эмпирических данных теории слабых связей, тесного мира, двухступенчатого потока коммуникации, концепция третьего места в статьях, попавших в выборку, даже не упоминаются.

Over the past two decades, Russian and foreign researchers have documented the growing influence of social networks on political communication. The Internet has become a new mass media. In Russia, bloggers with more than 3,000 subscribers acquire a mass media status. Internet users are not passive recipients of messages: they distribute them and generate their own content. The Internet is a different kind of reality, where anything is possible. Traditional mass media are less efficient than the Internet in providing news. As a result, the Internet and social networks have become a new means of political interaction. The COVID-19 pandemic boosted the digitalization of mass communications and made this process irreversible. The present article reviews 250 foreign research papers published by Taylor and Francis, Oxford University Press, and SAGE Publications in 2020–2021. The objective was to determine the attractiveness of political communication in social networks as a research topic. 12 % of the articles featured the role of social nets in political communication, Facebook being the most popular research material. A similar amount of papers focused on the behavior of network users and the role of the state in the management of social networks. Foreign terms used to describe the research topic appeared to be different from those used by Russian linguists. For instance, foreign authors use "social media" as a synonym for "sites of social networks", while Russian scientists prefer a much broader interpretation. Some terms and acronyms, such as SNSa, are absent from Russian works. Foreign authors exploit classical political science theories to study the issues of political content, the effect of social networks on protest movements and racial conflicts, and the use of new media in election campaigns. They are unfamiliar with Russian approaches to empirical data analysis, e.g. theory of "weak ties", "close world", two-stage flow of communication, the concept of "third place", etc.

 сайты социальных сетей общественное мнение Интернет новые медиа социальные медиа social networking sites public opinion Internet new media social media

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