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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Вестник Кемеровского государственного университета. Серия: Гуманитарные и общественные науки</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2542-1840</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2541-9145</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">55642</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21603/2542-1840-2022-6-4-349-358</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Теоретико-исторические правовые науки</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Theoretical and Historical Legal Sciences</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Теоретико-исторические правовые науки</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Confession under Torture in the Criminal Proceedings of Imperial China</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Признание под пыткой в уголовном судопроизводстве императорского Китая</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Даньшин</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Dan'shin</surname>
       <given-names>Aleksandr Vladimirovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>danschin.garant2013@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Кемеровский государственный университет</institution>
     <city>Кемерово</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Kemerovo State University</institution>
     <city>Kemerovo</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-12T13:01:54+03:00">
    <day>12</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2022</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-12T13:01:54+03:00">
    <day>12</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2022</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>6</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>349</fpage>
   <lpage>358</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-05-24T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>24</day>
     <month>05</month>
     <year>2022</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-09-10T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>10</day>
     <month>09</month>
     <year>2022</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://moloprom.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/article/55642/view">https://moloprom.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/article/55642/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Цель статьи – выявить особенности института признания под пыткой в уголовном судопроизводстве императорского Китая. Предмет исследования – законодательство, а также официальные и неофициальные руководства для судей, в которых содержатся правила и анализируется практика применения пыток в процессе расследования уголовных преступлений. Особое внимание уделяется анализу уголовного кодекса династии Тан Тан люй шу и (Уголовные установления Тан с разъяснениями) 653 г., нормы которого относительно проведения допросов с применением пыток применялись без принципиальных изменений вплоть до крушения в 1912 г. последней китайской империи Цин. Автор считает, что широко распространенное мнение о преобладании инквизиционных начал в системе собирания доказательств по уголовным делам в императорском Китае сильно преувеличено: признание под пыткой никогда не являлось в Китае «царицей доказательств» (regina probationum). Пытки как средство получения признания хотя и допускались, но всегда считались вынужденной мерой и были нежелательными как по закону, так и с позиции конфуцианских представлений о гуманности и великодушии. При наличии схожих черт уголовного судопроизводства в императорском Китае с инквизиционным процессом его нельзя считать таковым, поскольку предпочтение всегда отдавалось признанию добровольному, а приговор можно было вынести и без признания, основываясь лишь на показаниях свидетелей и совокупности других доказательств. Несмотря на серьезные уголовные наказания за нарушения правил проведения пыток, злоупотребления ими в китайских судах были обычной практикой.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The article describes the institution of confession under torture in the criminal proceedings of traditional China. The research featured legislative documents, also official and unofficial manuals for judges with torture rules and practice analysis. Tang lü shu yi, or Criminal Regulations of the Tan with Explanations, was a criminal code of the Tang dynasty which dated back to 653 AD. Its standards of extreme interrogation were applied without fundamental changes until the collapse of the Qing Empire in 1912. The author refutes the popular opinion that the method of enhanced interrogation prevailed in the system of evidence in criminal cases in imperial China. In fact, confession under torture was never the regina probationum of the Chinese criminal law. Torture was a legal means of obtaining a confession, but it was always considered a last resort. Moreover, extreme interrogation was undesirable from the standpoint of Confucian ideas about humanity and generosity. Chinese criminal proceedings have similar features to the inquisition proceedings might have had a lot in common with Spanish inquisitional processes, although it cannot be considered as such, since preference has always been given to voluntary confession, and the sentence could be passed without confession, based only on the testimony of witnesses and a set of other evidence. Violation of torture rules always caused severe criminal penalties; however, their abuse was a common practice in imperial Chinese courts.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>императорский Китай</kwd>
    <kwd>уголовный процесс</kwd>
    <kwd>признание под пыткой</kwd>
    <kwd>кодекс династии Тан</kwd>
    <kwd>руководства для судей</kwd>
    <kwd>правила применения пыток</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>mperial China</kwd>
    <kwd>criminal trial</kwd>
    <kwd>confession under torture</kwd>
    <kwd>code of the Tang dynasty</kwd>
    <kwd>manuals for judges</kwd>
    <kwd>torture rules</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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