Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Техника и технология пищевых производств 2074-9414 2313-1748 96597 10.21603/2074-9414-2025-1-2558 ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ ORIGINAL ARTICLE ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ Improving the Ex Vitro Adaptation Technology for Vaccinium Angustifolium and Vaccinium Corymbosum on the Field Совершенствование технологии адаптации Vaccinium angustifolium и Vaccinium corymbosum ex vitro в открытом грунте https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0564-8888 Макаров Сергей Сергеевич Makarov Sergey S. s.makarov@rgau-msha.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4804-7759 Чудецкий Антон Игоревич Chudetsky Anton I. chudetski@rgau-msha.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-3271 Кузнецова Ирина Борисовна Kuznetsova Irina B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5981-2690 Куликова Елена Ивановна Kulikova Elena I. Кульчицкий Андрей Николаевич Kulchitsky Andrey N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8464-4596 Cунгурова Наталья Рудольфовна Sungurova Natalia R. Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К. А. Тимирязева Москва Россия Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Moscow Russian Federation Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К. А. Тимирязева Moscow Россия Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Moscow Russian Federation Костромская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия Караваево Россия Kostroma State Agricultural Academy Karavaevo Russian Federation Вологодская государственная молочнохозяйственная академия имени Н. В. Верещагина Вологда Россия Vologda State Dairy Academy named after N.V. Vereshchagin Vologda Russian Federation Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова Архангельск Россия Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov Arkhangelsk Russian Federation Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова Архангельск Россия Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov Arkhangelsk Russian Federation 28 03 2025 28 03 2025 55 1 107 121 15 03 2024 07 05 2024 https://fptt.ru/en/issues/23416/23386/

В связи с необходимостью импортозамещения ягодной продукции и посадочного материала на российском рынке требуется испытание сортов голубики в различных природно-климатических условиях. Цель – изучить влияние субстрата и ростостимулирующих веществ на приживаемость и морфометрические показатели голубики ex vitro в открытом грунте в природно-климатических условиях г. Москвы. Объекты исследования – растения Vaccinium corymbosum L. 6 сортов (Bluecrop, Bluegold, Denise Blue, Duke, Kaz Pliszka, Patriot) и Vaccinium Angustifolium Ait. 6 сортов (Northblue, Northcountry, Лакомка, Нерль, Нея, Поморочка). Для адаптации к нестерильным условиям ex vitro использовали торфяные субстраты различного состава и ростостимулирующие препараты (Циркон, Эпин-Экстра). В условиях открытого грунта использовали мульчирование опадом и опилками хвойных пород, обработку препаратами Циркон и Эпин-Экстра. Наибольшая приживаемость растений V. angustifolium при адаптации к нестерильным условиям ex vitro наблюдалась у российских сортов при обработке Эпин-Экстра в концентрации 0,5 мл/л на смесях торфа с вермикулитом 3:1 и торфа с цеолитом 3:1 (82–89 %); наибольшее число побегов – на смеси торфа с перлитом 3:1 (4,5–5,0 шт.). Наибольшая приживаемость в открытом грунте на верховом торфе у однолетних растений V. angustifolium составляла 100 %, у V. corymbosum – 75–90 %, наибольшее число побегов – при мульчировании опилками и опадом сосны и ели (5,0–8,7 шт.). Сохранность двулетних растений V. angustifolium составляла 95–100 %, V. corymbosum – 84–90 %; максимальный суммарный прирост побегов отмечен после обработки Эпин-Экстра в концентрации 0,5 мл/л. Полученные результаты можно использовать для совершенствования и дальнейшей оптимизации технологий размножения голубики c целью промышленного выращивания в почвенно-климатических условиях Центральной Нечерноземной зоны России. Препарат Эпин-Экстра способствует увеличению числа побегов голубики при адаптации ex vitro и в открытом грунте на верховом торфе. Мульчирование опилками и опадом сосны оказывает положительное влияние на побегообразование однолетних растений голубики в открытом грунте.

Russian food market is striving to substitute imported blueberry products and planting material. This research featured the effect of various substrates and growth stimulators on the survival rate and morphometric parameters of blueberry ex vitro in the climate of Moscow. The study involved six cultivars of Vaccinium corymbosum L. (Bluecrop, Bluegold, Denise Blue, Duke, Kaz Pliszka, Patriot) and six cultivars of V. angustifolium Ait. (Northblue, Northcountry, Lakomka, Nerl, Neya, Pomorochka). The ex vitro experiment included various compositions of peat substrates and growth-stimulating preparations (Zircon, Epin-Extra) at the stage of adaptation to non-sterile conditions. Mulching with litter and sawdust of coniferous trees and treatment with Zircon and Epin-Extra were used in the field conditions. The highest survival rate (82–89%) of V. angustifolium in non-sterile conditions ex vitro belonged to the Russian cultivars treated with Epin-Extra 0.5 mL/L on mixes of peat and vermiculite (3:1) and peat and zeolite (3:1). The largest number of shoots (4.5–5.0 pcs.) was registered on peat and perlite (3:1). The highest survival rate on high-moor peat was 100% for annual V. angustifolium and 75–90% for V. corymbosum. The largest number of shoots (5.0–8.7 pcs.) was obtained from the samples treated sawdust and pine-and-spruce waste. The survival rate was 95–100% for perennial V. angustifolium and 84–90% for V. corymbosum. The maximal total shoot growth was observed after Epin-Extra 0.5 mL/L. The optimal substrates and growth regulators could be used to improve blueberry propagation for industrial cultivation in the soil and climate of Russia’s Central Non-Chernozem Zone. Epin-Extra made it possible to increase the number of shoots during ex vitro adaptation and on high-moor peat. Sawdust and pine litter had a positive effect on shoot formation for annual blueberry plants in the field.

 Ягода голубика Vaccinium corymbosum L. Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. микроклональное размножение ex vitro мульчирование стимуляторы роста Berry blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum L. Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. clonal micropropagation ex vitro mulching growth stimulants Статья написана в рамках тематического плана-задания на выполнение научно-исследовательских работ по заказу Минсельхоза России по теме «Разработка агротехнологий нового поколения для ягодных растений с использованием биотехнологических методов для закладки ягодных плантаций» за счет средств федерального бюджета в 2024 году. The research was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia (2024) as part of research topic on New-generation agricultural technologies for biotechnological berry farming.

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