Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Техника и технология пищевых производств 2074-9414 2313-1748 100438 10.21603/2074-9414-2025-2-2576 ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ ORIGINAL ARTICLE ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ Melanophilin Polymorphism of Exons 8 and 13 in Rabbits: Parent Breeds and Interbreed Cross Rodnik Полиморфизм 8 и 13 экзонов меланофилина кролика у родительских пород и межпородного кросса Родник https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3808-3086 Косовский Глеб Юрьевич Kosovsky Gleb Yu. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1961-8428 Шумилина Анна Рудольфовна Shumilina Anna R. Абрамов Олег Игоревич Abramov Oleg I. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7422-5470 Попов Дмитрий Владимирович Popov Dmitry V. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3879-6935 Глазко Татьяна Теодоровна Glazko Tatiana T. tglazko@rambler.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0599-9787 Скобель Ольга Игоревна Skobel Olga I. skobelolga@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5486-3264 Леонов Артем Викторович Leonov Artem V. Научно-исследовательский институт пушного звероводства и кролиководства имени В. А. Афанасьева пос. Родники Россия Scientific Research Institute of Fur-Bearing Animal Breeding and Rabbit Breeding n.a. V.A. Afanas'ev Rodniki Russian Federation Научно-исследовательский институт пушного звероводства и кролиководства имени В. А. Афанасьева пос. Родники Россия Research Institute for Fur Farming and Rabbit Breeding Rodniki Russian Federation Научно-исследовательский институт пушного звероводства и кролиководства имени В. А. Афанасьева пос. Родники Россия Research Institute for Fur Farming and Rabbit Breeding Rodniki Russian Federation Научно-исследовательский институт пушного звероводства и кролиководства имени В. А. Афанасьева пос. Родники Россия Research Institute for Fur Farming and Rabbit Breeding Rodniki Russian Federation Научно-исследовательский институт пушного звероводства и кролиководства имени В. А. Афанасьева пос. Родники Россия Scientific Research Institute of Fur-Bearing Animal Breeding and Rabbit Breeding n.a. V.A. Afanas'ev Rodniki Russian Federation Научно-исследовательский институт пушного звероводства и кролиководства имени В. А. Афанасьева пос. Родники Россия Research Institute for Fur Farming and Rabbit Breeding Rodniki Russian Federation Научно-исследовательский институт пушного звероводства и кролиководства имени В. А. Афанасьева пос. Родники Россия Research Institute for Fur Farming and Rabbit Breeding Rodniki Russian Federation 23 06 2025 23 06 2025 55 2 331 340 19 03 2025 06 05 2025 https://fptt.ru/en/issues/23587/23630/

Создание новых форм животных сельскохозяйственных видов на основе многопородных скрещиваний требует развития методов популяционно-генетического контроля селекционного процесса. На основании многостадийных поколений скрещиваний кроликов пород белый великан, советская шиншилла, калифорнийская с последующим разведением «в себе» в Научно-исследовательском институте пушного звероводства и кролиководства имени В. А. Афанасьева создан скороспелый и высокопродуктивный кросс кроликов Родник. Проведенные ранее исследования показали, что по ряду полилокусных генотипов высоко полиморфных элементов кролики кросса Родник ближе к породе белый великан, чем к двум другим родительским породам. Цель исследования – выяснить изменения популяционно-генетической структуры трехпородного кросса через сравнительный анализ нуклеотидных последовательностей 8 и 13 экзонов гена меланофилина (mlph), одного из ключевых генов окраса у млекопитающих, у кросса Родник и родительских пород. Объекты исследования – породы кроликов белый великан, советская шиншилла, калифорнийская и кросс Родник. Анализ структуры гена mlph у Oryctolagus cuniculus выполнен биоинформатическими методами с использованием нуклеотидной последовательности референсного генома UM_NZW_1.0 (GCF_009806435.1) из базы данных GenBank. Экзон-интронную структуру определяли в программе Splign, а условия и стадии ПЦР, включая дизайн праймеров для экзонных областей, разрабатывались с помощью онлайн версии программы BLAST3. Для выявления отличий между кроликами окраса шиншилла и другими породами выбраны экзоны 8 и 13. По некоторым характеристикам окраса кросс Родник из трех родительских пород оказался ближе к калифорнийской. Исследование выявило мононуклеотидный полиморфизм (SNP) в экзоне 8 в двух нуклеотидах и в экзоне 13 в одном нуклеотиде. Гаплотипы двух SNP в экзоне 8 и одного в экзоне 13 гена mlph кросса совпадали с породой белый великан и присутствовали в гомозиготном варианте. Породы советская шиншилла и калифорнийская несли гетерозиготный гаплотип по двум SNP в экзоне 8 и в гомозиготе другого нуклеотида (C–T) в экзоне 13 в тех же позициях. Выявленные SNP не коррелировали с окрасом, но по генотипам, как и по полиморфизмам ряда высоко полиморфных геномных элементов, кросс Родник оказался ближе к породе белый великан, чем к другим родительским породам. Обсуждается возможное вовлечение гена mlph в селекционный процесс в связи с его принадлежностью к суперсемейству онкогена Ras, к крупнейшему экзофилиновому подсемейству Rab-эффекторных белков, координирующих везикулярный транспорт, а также некоторые этапы адипогенеза.

New breeds of fur-bearing animals are multi-breed crosses. Selection requires new methods for genetic control. This article describes a new early-maturing and highly-productive crossbreed of rabbits called Rodnik obtained at the Afanasyev Research Institute for Fur Farming and Rabbit Breeding, Russia. It was a result of multi-stage generations of crossings between such breeds as White Giant, Soviet Chinchilla, and Californian. However, in terms of polylocus genotypes of highly polymorphic elements, the Rodnik rabbits are closer to the White Giant breed. The article describes the changes in the genetic pool of this three-breed cross through a comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of exons 8 and 13 of the melanophilin (mlph) color gene. The research featured the rabbit breeds of White Giant, Soviet Chinchilla, and Californian, as well as their Rodnik cross. The analysis of the mlph gene in Oryctolagus cuniculus involved bioinformatics methods based on the nucleotide sequence of the reference genome UM_NZW_1.0 (GCF_009806435.1) from the GenBank database. The exon-intron structure was determined using the Splign software; the conditions and stages of PCR, including the design of primers for exonic regions, were developed using the online version of BLAST3. Exons 8 and 13 made it possible to identify the differences between chinchilla-colored rabbits and other breeds. In some color properties, the Rodnik cross was closer to the Californian parent breed. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was detected in two nucleotides in exon 8 and in one nucleotide in exon 13. The haplotypes of two SNPs in exon 8 and one SNP in exon 13 of the mlph gene were homozygous and coincided with the White Giant breed. The Soviet Chinchilla and Californian breeds carried a heterozygous haplotype for two SNPs in exon 8, as well as in the homozygote of another nucleotide (C–T) in exon 13 in the same positions. The identified SNPs did not correlate with color. However, the Rodnik cross was closer to the White Giant in terms of genotypes and polymorphisms of some highly polymorphic genomic elements. The mlph gene might become part of selection as it belongs to the Ras oncogene superfamily and the largest exophilin subfamily of Rab effector proteins that coordinate vesicular transport and some adipogenesis stages.

 Кролик селекция популяционно-генетическая структура меланофилин (mlph) SNP окрас внутриклеточные органеллы кросс Rabbits breeding population-genetic structure melanophilin (mlph) SNP fur color intracellular organelles crossbreed Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России по теме НИР «Разработка научных основ сокращения времени и увеличения надежности селекционной работы по получению новых форм животных с применением генных и геномных технологий» (FGGR-2024-0001). The work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, State Assignment FGGR-2024-000: Scientific foundations for optimizing time and reliability of animal breeding using genetic and genomic technologies.

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