Virtual Communication and Social Networks Virtual Communication and Social Networks Виртуальная коммуникация и социальные сети 2782-4799 2782-4802 117209 10.21603/vcsn-2026-5-2-111-122 FEVHLR Коммуникативистика и когнитивные науки Communication Studies and Cognitive Sciences Коммуникативистика и когнитивные науки News Credibility Assessment Heuristics: An Integrative Analysis of Internal and External Verification Strategies Приемы оценки достоверности новостей: интегративный анализ стратегий внутренней и внешней проверки фактов Хазова Наталия Антоновна Khazova Natalia Antonovna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7610-0089 Артеменко Елена Дмитриевна Artemenko Elena Dmitrievna nekrasovaed@gmail.com Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (Россия, Санкт-Петербург) Россия National Research University Higher School of Economics (Russia, St. Petersburg) Russian Federation Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (Россия, Санкт-Петербург) Россия National Research University Higher School of Economics (Russia, St. Petersburg) Russian Federation 5 2 111 122 05 03 2026 30 03 2026 https://moloprom.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/article/117209/view

В цифровую эпоху способы потребления и распространения новостей радикально изменились, что привело к беспрецедентному распространению дезинформации, выявление которой представляется довольно трудным. Несмотря на то что существует множество исследований, посвященных анализу журналистских и автоматизированных методов проверки фактов, стратегии обычных интернет-­пользователей по-прежнему остаются малоизученными. Цель – исследовать как внутренние (на основе внутренних признаков), так и внешние (на основе внешней проверки) стратегии проверки фактов. В результате качественного анализа когнитивных интервью 42 участников составлен объемный список внутренних приемов. В рамках количественного анализа пилотного опроса 150 респондентов выявлена распространенность внешних стратегий. Установлено, что 76 % интервьюируемых отдают предпочтение латеральному чтению – сопоставлению информации из разных источников, 57 % проверяют информацию в достоверных источниках, 50 % обращаются к экспертному мнению и только 21 % респондентов обсуждают новости с друзьями или знакомыми (наименее частотный вариант ответа). Выявлено, что внутренние оценки часто опираются на субъективные метаданные и эффект подтверждения (confirmation bias), что иногда приводит к противоречивым суждениям. В связи с этим возникает острая необходимость целостного понимания поведения интернет-пользователей при проверке фактов, что закладывает основу для дальнейших исследований его эффективности в целях повышения медиаграмотности населения.

The digital era has drastically transformed how people consume and share news. This has led to an unprecedented spread of misinformation that is difficult for the public to identify. While research on journalistic and automated fact-checking is extensive, the ordinary internet users’ strategies remain underexplored. This study bridges the gap by investigating both internal (intrinsic cues) and external (extrinsic verification) fact-checking strategies through a mixed-methods approach. Qualitative cognitive interviews with 42 participants revealed an extensive list of intrinsic heuristics. A quantitative pilot survey of 150 respondents highlighted the prominence of extrinsic strategies. Results indicated the following: 76% of participants prioritize lateral reading, 57% verify information in trusted sources, 50% seek expert opinions, and only 21% consult with peers (this is less common). Qualitative analysis further uncovered a key finding. Intrinsic assessments often rely on subjective metadata cues and confirmation bias, sometimes leading to contradictory judgments. This research emphasized the need for a holistic understanding of fact-checking behaviors. It also laid the groundwork for further studies on the effectiveness of such behaviors in improving media literacy.

 стратегии проверки фактов фейковые новости оценка достоверности новостей цифровая дезинформация медиаграмотность fact-checking strategies fake news news credibility assessment digital misinformation media literacy Исследование выполнено в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ). This research was supported by the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University).

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