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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Вестник Кемеровского государственного университета. Серия: Гуманитарные и общественные науки</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2542-1840</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2541-9145</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">73053</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21603/2542-1840-2024-8-2-214-221</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">QOQEGB</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Теоретико-исторические правовые науки</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Theoretical and Historical Legal Sciences</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Теоретико-исторические правовые науки</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Legal History of Direct Democracy Institutions in the USA</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Становление и развитие институтов прямой демократии в США:  историко-правовой аспект</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Чечелев</surname>
       <given-names>Станислав Викторович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Chechelev</surname>
       <given-names>Stanislav Viktorovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>omchechelev@rambler.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Омский государственный университет им. Ф.М. Достоевского</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Omsk State University named after F.M. Dostoevsky</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ОмГУ им. Ф.М. Достоевского</institution>
     <city>Омск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Omsk State Universities n. F. M Dostoevsky</institution>
     <city>Omsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ОмГУ им. Ф.М. Достоевского</institution>
     <city>Омск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Omsk State Universities n. F. M Dostoevsky</institution>
     <city>Omsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-05-16T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>16</day>
    <month>05</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-05-16T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>16</day>
    <month>05</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>8</volume>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>214</fpage>
   <lpage>221</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-28T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>28</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-25T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>25</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://moloprom.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/article/73053/view">https://moloprom.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/article/73053/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Проследить процесс зарождения и развития различных форм прямой демократии в США возможно начиная еще с колониального периода истории этого государства. Однако при его становлении как суверенного государства в конце XVIII в. отцы-основатели явно отдавали предпочтение различным формам представительной демократии, опасаясь, вслед за классиками политико-правовой мысли, господства толпы. Цель – рассмотреть становление и развитие институтов прямой демократии в США. Наступление в США эры прогрессивизма (конец ХIХ – начало ХХ в.) ознаменовалось борьбой гражданского общества с негативными явлениями в общественной жизни и политико-правой системе США. Важным средством их преодоления политические партии и общественные движения видели в имплементации в правовую систему страны институтов прямой демократии (референдум, всеобщие прямые выборы, отзыв должностных лиц и т. д.). В начале ХХ в. эти институты были закреплены в законодательстве ряда штатов Запада и показали свою эффективность. Во второй половине ХХ в. (так называемая вторая волна) институты прямой демократии получили еще более широкое распространение. Особенно активное использование этих институтов мы наблюдаем уже &#13;
в конце ХХ – начале ХХI в. Одной из особенностей существования этих институтов в правовой системе США можно назвать преимущественное их наличие в законодательстве штатов. Сделан вывод, что в настоящее время происходит как дальнейший рост случаев активного использования различных форм прямой демократии американским обществом, так и продолжение их дальнейшей имплементации в правовые системы штатов США. Следует отметить, что учет и использование исторического опыта развития институтов прямой демократии в США представляет значительный интерес и для нашей страны: прежде всего в целях улучшения эффективности деятельности государственного аппарата при принятии необходимых для общества решений.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Direct democracy appeared in the United States back in the colonial period. However, when the country became sovereign in the late XVIII century, the founding fathers gave preference to representative democracy in order to prevent the mob rule. This research traces the history of various institutions of direct democracy in the United States. The late XIX – early XX centuries saw an era of progressivism in the United States: civil society struggled against negative social, political, and legal phenomena. Implementation of referendums, general direct elections, recalls of officials, etc., into the legal system seemed a perfect solution. In the early XX century, these institutions were enshrined in the legislation of some Western states and proved rather effective. The so-called second wave of direct democracy occurred after 1950s, and institutions of direct democracy became even more widespread. This process reached its peak in the late XX – early XXI centuries. As a result, they predominate in the current US legislation. The USA are currently going through a further rise in direct democracy, which is even more implemented into the legal system. The American experience of direct democracy is of considerable interest to Russia as it may help to improve the domestic state mechanisms of making socially important decisions.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>конституционный конвент</kwd>
    <kwd>референдум</kwd>
    <kwd>макрейкеры</kwd>
    <kwd>Сенат</kwd>
    <kwd>Калифорния</kwd>
    <kwd>эра прогрессивизма</kwd>
    <kwd>конституционная поправка</kwd>
    <kwd>легислатура</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>constitutional convent</kwd>
    <kwd>referendum</kwd>
    <kwd>muckraker</kwd>
    <kwd>Senate</kwd>
    <kwd>California</kwd>
    <kwd>Progressivism</kwd>
    <kwd>constitutional amendment</kwd>
    <kwd>legislature</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
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