The problem of rational use of natural resources and raw materials, and providing the population with nutritious foods is particularly important in regions that are characterized by bad environment. In this regard, unconventional plant material, in particular pinons of Pinus sibirica for the needs of the food industry will not only solve the problem of rational usage of natural resources and the creation of an additional amount of raw food, but also contributes to the extension of the range of general and functional food products. The purpose of study was to investigate protein, lipid, and mineral-vitamin complexes of pinon kernels. Molecular weight distribution of peptides and proteins was assessed by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (PAGE) with Laemmli method. The quantitative content of water-soluble vitamins were determined using capillary electrophoresis system with the device Kapel-105", fat soluble vitamins - by high-performance reversed-phase liquid chromatography, mass fraction of macro- and microelements - by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The relative content of individual fractions in the lipid complex was as follows: phospholipids - 7.9% mono- and diacylglycerols - 6.1%, respectively, sterols 2.7% - carotenoids - 0.9%, triterpene alcohols - 1.8%, free fatty acids - 1.1%, triacylglycerols - 71.2%. Proteins of pinon kernels are heterogeneous in composition, contain seventeen fractions, which have molecular weight ranging from 66.85 to 13.33 kDa. Carbohydrate complex consists essentially of digestible carbohydrates and has a high content of hydrolysable sugars from 4.6 to 5.0%, starch – 4.7±0.2%, pentosans – 1.8 ± 0.2%, and fiber - 2.3 ± 0.1%. In the mineral complex phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, and copper are the predominant elements. The structure of vitamin complex includes tocopherols from 30.5 to 32.0 mg, vitamin A - 0.02 mg, and carotenoids - 0.8 mg per 100 g of lipids. The degree of meeting the daily need of human body in vitamins and minerals, when taking pinon kernels in food, is calculated. Research results allow us to recommend pinon kernels as poly-functional food raw materials with high content of technologically important components for the production of original premium products.
Pinon kernel, lipids, protein, mineral and vitamin complex, fatty acid composition, amino acid composition, polyunsaturated fatty acid of ω-6 family, linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid
INTRODUCTION
Climatic extremes and harsh working conditions, as well as high degree of anthropogenic and technogenic pollution have a significant impact on the health of the population of the Siberian region, contribute to the increased risk of formation of occupational and environmentally caused diseases. The negative effects of production and environmental factors are aggravated by improper nutrition. The nutritional status of the population of the Siberian region is characterized by insufficient in-take of proteins, dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals. The deficiency of vitamins B1, B2, B6, C, E and minerals Ca, K, Zn and others was also revealed. In order to reduce the influence of physical factors of production and the effects of xenobiotics on the body it is necessary to include foods containing biologically important components of natural origin in the daily diet. When choosing such products, people should give preference to those that are made from local raw materials, most similar to geo- and biochemical composition of the human body, living in the particular climatic zone, and therefore more useful [1].
One of the most promising and innovative kinds of wild vegetable raw materials in the Siberian region are the seeds of Siberian pine (pinons). Pinons are widely known thanks to the unique food and biological value of their components. One of the tendencies of pinon kernels usage is their processing to produce cedar oil. Cake and hull remaining after oil extraction are sec-ondary raw resources. From them you can get a diverse range of protein products both for direct consumption in human nutrition, and obtaining various types of food products.
In order to expand the areas of pinon kernel usage and their products in the food industry in the develop-ment of commercial, special, therapeutic and prophy-lactic foods, a deeper study of their chemical composi-tion is necessary.
The chemical composition of the seeds of Siberian pine depends on the area of growth. The study of the composition and biological value of the seeds of Sibe-rian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) is going on to the present. It is high variability in composition and bio-logical value of seeds of Siberian pine depending on the zone of growth, which brings about an increased interest of scientists to their research. The knowledge of the composition and biological value of pinons kernel allows us to combine it with other plant and animal materials, and thus, approximate the contents of main nutrients in new products to the norms of physiological needs for the population of the Siberian region.
The purpose was to study the protein, lipid and mineral-vitamin complexes of pinon kernel of Siberian pine growing in the Kemerovo region.
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