Кемерово, Кемеровская область, Россия
Кемерово, Кемеровская область, Россия
Кемерово, Россия
Кемерово, Кемеровская область, Россия
Кемерово, Кемеровская область, Россия
Москва, г. Москва и Московская область, Россия
Пшеница (Triticum aestivum L.) – важная сельскохозяйственная культура, фитопатогенами которой являются грибы рода Fusarium и Alternaria. Для борьбы с ними применяют синтетические пестициды, негативно влияющие на окружающую среду и здоровье человека. Разработка безопасных и эффективных аналогов – биопестицидов – является актуальным вопросом. Цель работы заключалась в разработке консорциума на основе экстремофильных микроорганизмов, выделенных из природных источников, для защиты пшеницы от заболеваний, вызванных грибами рода Alternaria и Fusarium. Объектами исследования являлись образцы 10 изолятов экстремофильных микроорганизмов. Биохимическую идентификацию изолятов проводили с использованием автоматического микробиологического анализатора Vitek 2 Compact. Изоляты оценивали по показателям антимикробной активности в отношении Escherichia coli и антагонистической активности в отношении фитопатогенов по методу встречных культур. На основании полученных данных конструировали микробные консорциумы и оценивали их эффективность и способность защищать пшеницу от фитопатогенов. Из 10 исследованных изолятов наибольшую активность проявляли 5 штаммов, 3 из которых являлись биосовместимыми: Leclercia sp., Sphingomonas paucimobilis и Lactobacillus plantarum. На основании данных микроорганизмов составили 4 консорциума. Установлено, что совместное применение микроорганизмов повышает их антогонистическую активность: площадь, не занятая фитопатогеном, увеличивалась на 4,2 % по отношению к среднему значению отдельных микроорганизмов, входящих в состав консорциума. Наиболее эффективным являлся консорциум с соотношением штаммов Leclercia sp., S. paucimobilis и L. plantarum 2:1:1 соответственно. Консорциум оказывал фитостимулирующее действие на проростки пшеницы (всхожесть варьировалась в пределах 73,2–99,6 %) и позволял избежать морфометрических изменений при обработке семян, зараженных фитопатогенами. Разработанный консорциум обладает высокой эффективностью защиты пшеницы от патогенов рода Alternaria и Fusarium и может использоваться в качестве пестицида биологической природы.
Triticum aestivum L., продуктивность сельского хозяйства, фитопатогены, биопестициды, экстремофильные бактерии, консорциум микроорганизмов, экологическая безопасность
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